I am using Mina as it is much faster than Capistrano!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
You may have questioned why it is faster? Mina generates the whole process as a bash script and runs remotely into the server using a single SSH session. While in Capistrano each command runs in the separate SSH session.<\/p>\n
Passenger.<\/h2>\n
A passenger is better at handling high volume traffic than other app servers like unicorn or puma and who doesn’t want to have high volume traffic? We will be using Nginx as the web server.<\/p>\n
Now, let’s start deployment!<\/p>\n
I am assuming you have already purchased instance from AWS or DigitalOcean and have a root user and IP of the server.<\/p>\n
Setting Up Your Server.<\/h3>\n
Step 1: Login as root using SSH.<\/b><\/p>\n
Before we do anything, let us add a new user named as deploy<\/i> and give it a root permission. You need to login to remote server using SSH from your local machine.<\/p>\nssh root@SERVER_IP_ADDRESS<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nIf this is the first time your machine will not recognize the server you are logging into and will ask for your permission. Simply type yes<\/i> and go ahead.<\/p>\n
Step 2: Create a new user and give root permission.<\/b><\/p>\nadduser deploy<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nYou will be asked to add the password. Pick a strong password. Now, give this user sudo<\/code><\/i> permissions.<\/p>\ngpasswd -a deploy sudo<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nType exit<\/i> and login again as deploy<\/i> user using deploy@SERVER_IP_ADDRESS<\/code><\/i> to check if everything works as expected.<\/p>\nStep 3: Create a new folder where your application will reside.<\/b><\/p>\n
Check your current directory using PWD<\/code><\/i> command and create the folder using below commands:<\/p>\n$ sudo mkdir -p your-app-name
\n$ sudo chown deploy:deploy your-app-name<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nThis will create new folder in \/home\/deploy<\/i> and adds permissions to it.<\/p>\n
Setting Up Our Environment For Rails.<\/b><\/p>\n
We will be using rbenv<\/code><\/i> to install ruby and manage Ruby versions. You may have questioned why can’t we use RVM? rbenv is lighter than RVM and we are not going to create gemsets and we don’t want to manage gemsets. It also doesn’t have many configurations. Let’s install rbenv<\/code><\/i>:<\/p>\nStep 1: Installing rbenv.<\/b><\/p>\n
First, we need to update the installation package cache. Make sure you are logged in as deploy<\/code><\/i> user and type below command and hit enter.<\/p>\nsudo apt-get update<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nNow, install the rbenv using below command.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get
\ninstall git-core
\ncurl zlib1g-dev
\nbuild-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev
\nsqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev python-software-properties libffi-dev<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nNow, install rbenv with the following commands:<\/p>\n
$ cd
\n$ git clone git:\/\/github.com\/sstephenson\/rbenv.git .rbenv
\n$ echo 'export PATH=\"$HOME\/.rbenv\/bin:$PATH\"' >> ~\/.bash_profile
\n$ echo 'eval \"$(rbenv init -)\"' >> ~\/.bash_profile
\n$ git clone git:\/\/github.com\/sstephenson\/ruby-build.git ~\/.rbenv\/plugins\/ruby-build
\n$ echo 'export PATH=\"$HOME\/.rbenv\/plugins\/ruby-build\/bin:$PATH\"' >> ~\/.bash_profile
\n$ source ~\/.bash_profile<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nStep 2: Install Ruby.<\/b><\/p>\n
Install ruby with the following commands:<\/p>\n
rbenv install -v 2.3.0
\nrbenv global 2.3.0<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nThe first command will install Ruby and second command will set the global version of Ruby, or the version that will be used in all of our shells.<\/p>\n
You can check if ruby installed properly and set it using below command.<\/p>\n
ruby -v<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nStep 3: Install Bundler and configure Javascript Runtime.<\/b><\/p>\n
Let’s configure it so that RubyGems will not install documentation locally for every gem that we install:<\/p>\n
echo \"gem: --no-document\" > ~\/.gemrc<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nNow, install bundler<\/code><\/i><\/p>\ngem install bundler<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nRails need Javascript runtime as asset pipeline depends on it. So, we need to install node.js<\/code><\/i> for it. Install node.js<\/code><\/i> using below command:<\/p>\n$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea\/node.js
\n$ sudo apt-get update
\n$ sudo apt-get install nodejs<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nStep 4: Configure Git and SSH key.<\/b><\/p>\n
We need to add server’s public key to GIT or Bitbucket as deployment keys to clone the repository to the server. You can generate ssh key using below command.<\/p>\n
ssh-keygen<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nThis will create .ssh<\/code><\/i> folder in your home directory and create public and private key pair.<\/p>\nCopy your public key via cat \/home\/deploy\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub<\/code><\/i>. Then, go to GitHub\/Bitbucket, open your settings and add this new SSH key.<\/p>\nStep 5: Installing MySQL.<\/b><\/p>\n
Use below commands to install MySQL:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update
\nsudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient-dev<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nYou will be asked to enter the username and password while installing MySQL. Remember the credentials as they needed when we will configure the database.<\/p>\n
Create a database which we will be using in a database.yml<\/code><\/i> file after initial set up. Follow below commands to create the database. You need to enter the password which you set while installing MySQL:<\/p>\n$ mysql -u root -p
\nEnter password:
\nmysql> CREATE DATABASE myapp-db;<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nNow, exit from DB console using the exit<\/code><\/i> command.<\/p>\nNow, we will install and configure Passenger and Nginx:<\/p>\n
Install and Configure Phusion Passenger and Ngnix.<\/h3>\n
Step 1: Installing Passenger and Nginx.<\/b><\/p>\n
First, we need to install PGP key:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 561F9B9CAC40B2F7<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nCreate an APT source file:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/passenger.list<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nThis will open an empty file. Add below line to this file:<\/p>\n
deb https:\/\/oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com\/apt\/passenger trusty main<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nSave and exit with CTRL + X<\/code><\/i>, then Y<\/code><\/i>, then ENTER<\/code><\/i>.<\/p>\nUpdate the owner and permissions of the file:<\/p>\n
$ sudo chown root: \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/passenger.list
\n$ sudo chmod 600 \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/passenger.list<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nNow, install Passenger with Ngnix:<\/p>\n
$ sudo apt-get update
\n$ sudo apt-get install nginx-extras passenger<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nThis last bit may overwrite the Ruby version to an older one. If so, you need to remove the incorrect Ruby location and create a new symlink to the correct Ruby binary file:<\/p>\n
$ sudo rm \/usr\/bin\/ruby
\n$ sudo ln -s \/usr\/local\/bin\/ruby \/home\/deploy\/.rbenv\/shims\/ruby<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nStep 2: Configuring the Nginx.<\/b><\/p>\n
Open the Nginx configuration file in your text editor:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nFind and uncomment the following lines or add below lines in http<\/i> block:<\/p>\npassenger_root \/usr\/lib\/ruby\/vendor_ruby\/phusion_passenger\/locations.ini;
\npassenger_ruby \/home\/deploy\/.rbenv\/shims\/ruby;<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nSave and exit with CTRL + X<\/code><\/i>, then Y<\/code><\/i>, then ENTER<\/code><\/i>.<\/p>\nNow, disable the default Nginx configuration.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nComment out the following two lines in server<\/code><\/i> block. Save and exit.<\/p>\nlisten 80 default_server;
\nlisten [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nNow we need to create a custom Nginx configuration file for our app:<\/p>\n
$ sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/your-app-name<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nTo this file, we need to add a below server block:<\/p>\n
server {
\nlisten 80 default_server;
\nserver_name SERVER_IP_ADDRESS;
\npassenger_enabled on;
\npassenger_app_env production;
\nroot \/home\/deploy\/your-app-name\/current\/public;
\n}<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nSave and exit with CTRL + X<\/code><\/i>, Y<\/code><\/i>, ENTER<\/code><\/i>.<\/p>\nCreate a symlink for it:<\/p>\n
sudo ln -s \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/your-app-name \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/your-app-name<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nRestart the Nginx.<\/p>\n
sudo nginx -s reload<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nSetup Mina to Deploy your App on Server.<\/h4>\n
Please note that now we are doing all the operations in our local machine, not on the server.<\/p>\n
Step 1: Install Mina gem and configure it<\/b><\/p>\n
You don’t necessarily add gem into gem file. You can install it using below command:<\/p>\n
gem install mina<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nThen run:<\/p>\n
mina init<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\nIt will generate deploy.rb<\/code><\/i> file in config<\/code><\/i> folder which contains the basic configuration of deployment. Here is the file with all required configuration.you can edit it as per your need.<\/p>\n